A Review on Evaluation of MIG Welding Process Parameter by using MOORAS Method

Abstract

This review paper focus on Parametric optimization in Metal inert gas welding by using MOORAS method. MIG is arc welding process. Parameters optimization can be done by Multi-objective optimization on basis of ratio analysis and analytical Heriachy process. Ranking of alternatives determine by attributes weight or related importance given between attributes and on the values of the selected attributes,MOORA method is very fast and robust. It needs minimum Mathematical calculations and calculations time. Review paper endeavor process to illustrate problem by MOORAS method.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

 Welding is joining process in which two or more material are joined together by means of heat or compression. Metal Inert Gas welding is an arc welding process in which  the wire acts as a electrode  and feed through spool. Sheilding gas is feed through welding  gun, Sheilding gas can be active gas such as argon oxygen mixture ,carbon argon mixture or it can be argon inert gas. MIG welding can be used on most of metal such as mild steel, Stainless steel, Alloy steel and Aluminium. MIG welding is used in production of automobile chasis, pressure vessel, boilers, manufacturing of various machine. In this paper we are going to review on different parameters of MIG welding such as Current, Voltage, Gas flow rate, wire feed speed, flux used.

 I.A. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)/ multi objective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis (MOORA)

The Analytical Hierarchy process is an higher cognitive decision making method to solve multi-dimensional and compound problems principles of AHP are as follows: structure of the model; comparative judgment of the criteria and/or alternatives; synthesis of the priorities.

1. Step 1: Developing the hierarchical structure. A decision problem is structured as a hierarchy structure With the AHP, the goal, conclusion criteria and alternatives are arranged in a hierarchical structure similar to family structure.. 

2. Step 2: Perform the pair wise comparisons. In this step, differentiation matrices are formed and pair Wise

Differentiation are conducted. Conclusions criteria are compared in the corresponding level using scale of importance. Where aij denotes the related importance of attribute i with respect to attribute j and Bi denoted the standard in the matrix, aij = 1, wheni = j and aji =1/aij.

3. Step 3: Determination of relative normalized weight. A relative normalized weight is calculated at each level of hierarchy structure by using Equation (1) and Equation (2). 

4. Step 4: Consistency Test.

a. CALCULATE MATRICES

               A3 = A1 x A2 and A4 = A3 ÷A2

Where; A1= [aij] M×M

A2 = [W1,W2,W3,…Wj]T o Calculate Eigen values ?max(average of matrix A4) o Calculate consistency index:CI = (?max- M) / (M - 1)

b. Calculate consistency ratio CR = CI/RI, select value of random index

(RI) according to number of imputes used in decision-making. 

If CR < 0.1, considered as allowable decision, otherwise judgment of the Researchers about the problem is under study.

5. Step-5: Find the dimensionless number or normalization value.

Let Rijis a dimensionless number which belongs to the interval [0, 1]. It can be given as follows:

6. Step-6: Determine the normalized presentation of alternative. In this step, the normalized presentation  of alternatives is determined with considering weight age of selection criteria involved in the decision making process. For multi-objective optimization, these normalized presentation are added in case of high(for beneficial attributes) and subtracted in case of low (for non beneficial attributes).

 Step-7: Ranking and selection of alternative.

The value of yi value can be positive or negative depending of The totals of its highesr(beneficial attributes) and lowest (nonbeneficialattributes), A ranking of alternative will be carried out based on value of y and finally, the superior alternative is considered who has the highest y value or ranked first while the inferior alternative has the lowest yi value or ranked last.

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

Adeniran Sunday Afolalu, Omolayo M. Ikumapayi[1] have examined that on application of Feo based nano flux on M.S plate in MIG welding leads to increase in hardness and tensile strength of material, but without application of welding  flux it can not give us hardness and tensile strength as same of flux applied on material

Saadat Ali Rizvi and S. P. Tewari[2] authors optimize the gas metal arc welding parameters  on stainless steel 304 by using taguchi grey relations analysis . Best parameters obtained where voltage = 23V, gas flow rate = 25l/min, and wire feed speed = 350IPM., they concluded that wire feed has notebale effect than that of gas flow rate. 

Suha K. Shihaba, Noor Zaman Khan[3]studied process parameters such current, voltage, and torch on SS316. MOORAS method was applied for favourable welding parameters that requires less time and power for cladding.

Favourable parameters required for cladding was current 30A, voltage 260V and the torch angle 45°.

Pavan G. Chaudhari , Priyank B.Patel, Jaksan D. Patel[4]concluded the priority or ranking of alternatives depends on attributes weight or relative importance assigned between attributes and on the values of the selected attributes,MOORA method is very fast and robust. It requires less Mathematical calculations and computational time. 

Joseph Achebo[5] This study summarily covers the application of MOORA method in the selection of optimized welding process parameters for welding mild steel plates using the gas metal arc welding techniques. This multiobjective optimization tool utilizes a ranking method for the process parameters selection process.

Priyanka Devidas Shinde, Prof. K. R. Madavi[6]welding was performed on fe410 ,author focused on significant parameters such as penetration and UTS, from experiment results and taguchi optimization technique it was noticed that for better penetration and UTS parameters should be at following range, current=210A, Voltage=25V, Gas flow rate=19 Lit/min for penetration and for UTS current=180A, Voltage=30V, Gas flow rate=17 Lit/min.Important parameters is current followed by Voltage. 

Nakul Agwan,Saili Kulkarni,Akshay Harkal[7]MSE34 plates was welded by MIG welding process at varying current and types of flux. In this experimentation researchers lastly concluded that current is important parameter followed by flux. Best parameters for penetration are 110 amp Current, SiO2 flux and 12 lit/ min of gas flow rate. 

Zong-Liang Lianga, Tae-Jong Yuna, Won-Bin Oha[8]in this study parameters chosen were as follows: welding current, arc voltage, welding speed, CTWD and the response Considered are bead width, bead height and hardnessof the weldments. From the results obtained, important welding parameters are welding Current 135A, arc voltage 18V, welding speed 800mm/min, CTWD18mm which obtained by analysis results of S/N Ratio analysis for essential parameters to minimize bead width and bead height and maximize hardness of the

Weldments simultaneously. The experiment results confirm the validity of the optimal results obtained so that MOORA method has successfully optimized the welding parameters considered in this study. 

References

[1] Sunday Adeniran Afolalu, Samuel Olusegun(2020).“Study of Mechanical Behavious and Characterization of a Steel Joints in MIG Welding under Varying Fluxed”, International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology. ISSN 0974-3154, Volume 13, Number 6. [2] Saadat Ali Rizvi and S. P. Tewari(2019).“Optimization of gas metal arcwelding parameters of SS304 austenitic Steel by Taguchi –Grey relational analysis” ,Journal of computational and applied research in mechanical Engineering volume 7,Number2. [3] Suha K. Shihaba, Noor Zaman Khanb(2018).“Application of MOORA method for multi optimization of GMAW process parameters in stain-less steel cladding ”, Management science letters (8). [4] Pavan G. Chaudhari , Priyank B.Patel, Jaksan D. Patel(2017).“Evaluation of MIG welding process parameter using Activated Flux on SS316L by AHP-MOORA method”, Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 5208–5220 [5] Joseph Achebo (2015).“Optimization of Gas Metal Arc Welding Process Parameters Using Standard Deviation (SDV) and Multi-Objective Optimization on the Basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA)”, Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 2015, 3, 298-308. [6] Priyanka Devidas Shinde, Prof. K. R. Madavi(2018). “Experimental Investigation for Parametric Optimization of Gas metal arc welding process by using Taguchi technique on mild steel Fe 410”, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)Volume: 05 Issue: 07. [7] Nakul Agwan,Saili Kulkarni,Akshay Harkal(2019) .“Experimental Investigation on Parametric Optimization of MIG welding process on Mild Steel E34 by using Taguchi Technique”, International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET) ISSN: 2321-9653. [8] Zong-Liang Lianga, Tae-Jong Yuna, Won-Bin Oha(2019). “A study on MOORA-based taguchi method for optimization in Automated GMA welding process ”,ELSIVER Materials Today: Proceedings 22 (2020) 1778– 1785 . [9] Saaty TL, (1990), “How to make a decision: The Analytic Hierarchy Process”, European journal of operational research, 48, 9-26.

Copyright

Copyright © 2022 Shaikh Juned, Dr. U. V. Hambire. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.